Refined Neurological Examination

=Objectives=

Definitions

 * internuclear opthalmoplegia
 * a specific gaze abnormality characterized by impaired horizontal eye movement with weak adduction of the affected eye and abduction nystagmus of the contralateral eye. It is one of the most localizing brainstem syndromes, resulting from a lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)



Gait and Station

 * What can arm swing or stride features tell you?
 * Proprioception, motor function, rigidity.



CN II

 * 1) Pupillary retraction
 * 2) Swinging flashlight test: look to see if the eye dilates first before contracting. A more sensitive tool for detecting pupil-response abnormalities.

=References=

=Links=
 * Cranial Nerve Nuclei
 * Dr. Lutsep's Objectives Page